Cookies as Spyware Essay Example for Free

Cookies as Spyw are EssayThis paper addresses Cookies as Spyware. The option chosen was to analyze the issues associated with cookies being apply as spyware. Are cookies pieces of malicious, benign, or innocent software? The following paragraphs of this paper allow discuss the various uses of cookies. And, then, the paper will conclude with my opinion about cookies based upon my research findings. Since web browse uses a stateless connection, cookies are used to maintain the state of a look for session. Cookies are small data files that are produced by a web server that are stored on your computer. Cookies allow a personalisedized web browsing experience because of the identifying information that they store within them (such as login information, passwords, web pages visited, and/or items placed in a shopping cart). There are different types of cookies that are created for ad hoc purposes. They include session, persistent, first-party, and third-party cookies. Session co okies are used to store information related to a particular visit during one session. Persistent cookies are used to store information permanently on your hard drive about your interactions and/or preferences with a certain web site.First-party cookies are used by the specific site that created them while their website is being visited, whereas third-party cookies are not created by the website that is being visited. Third-party cookies are created by another website besides the website being visited such as a banner advertisement on the web page that is being visited. (Encyclopedia,) While most cookies appear to be used solely for the purpose of enhancing the users web browsing experience, cookies gage be used for other purposes including adware or spyware if they contain active code.Adware is used to automatically download or display advertisements on a persons computer. Spyware is technology used to gather information about a person or organization without their consent or frie ndship and relay that information back to advertisers or other interested parties. (Information security magazine, 2008) Technology has evolved to the point where cookies can or have been abused, so they are associated with some security risks.The risks associated with cookies are hijacking (session hijacking), inaccurate identification (due to multiple user accounts or different browsers being used on a unmarried PC), poisoning or stealing (cookie manipulation), and lack of expiration or artificially long expiration periods (allowing cookies to remain when they are no longer needed can allow the cookies to be stolen or attacked). (Are all cookies, 2010) All of these security risks can be used to gain access to or steal personal information from a user or their computer.In conclusion, from the research articles reviewed, it is my opinion that cookies are both beneficial and potentially harmful if used improperly. Cookies can be used safely to enjoy their beneficial purposes for web browsing by following some simple rules. Routinely find and delete unnecessary cookies by navigating to the path on your hard drive where your cookies are stored (CDocuments and SettingsusernameCookies). There really isnt much danger in deleting these files since new cookies are automatically downloaded the next time you visit the site anyway.Also, check to make sure that your browser settings are only allowing first-party cookies (restrict third-party cookies). Another important thing is to install antivirus software (such as Symantec Endpoint Protection, Sophos, McAfee, or any other reputable vendor) and keep your antivirus software updated properly. Perform regular scans on your hard drive and all attached peripherals to retard infections. Keep operating system patches updated to prevent anyone from hacking your system because of a known vulnerability. Web browsing would be much less personalized if we completely denied ourselves the privileges associated with cookies.

Liberty University Bibl 323 John Module 4 Notes Essay Example for Free

Liberty University Bibl 323 derriere Module 4 cites Es hypothecatePeople would spicy in booths, temporary shelters made of palm branches outside the city to remind them of divinitys c ar for 40 years in the wilderness. Every Jewish male was expected to attend the feast. (Lev. 1616). Three times a year only your men must appear in the beginning(a) place the Lord your divinity at the place he provide choose at the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the Feast of Weeks and the Feasts of Tabernacles. No adult male should appear before the Lord empty-handed. The 3 most important old eon in the Old Testament were non held on Saturday but on Sunday Seven plus integrity is Johns key phrase and here the three main feast feature seven days, Sabbath. Lev. 23215). Speak to the Israelites and say to them These are my constitute feasts, the appointed feast of the Lord, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies. The Lords Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the fi rst month. For seven days play, an offering made to the Lord by fire. And on the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. Speak to the Israelites and say to them When you enter the land I am going to give you and you reap its harvest, bring to the priest a sheaf of the first metric grain you harvest.He is to wave the sheaf before the Lord so it will be certain on your behalf the priest is to wave it on the day subsequently the Sabbath. From the day after the Sabbath, the day you brought the sheaf of the wave offering, count off seven full weeks. thus 7 weeks plus one day, i. e. , Pentecost, held on ____________________. Tabernacles (Lev. 2334). Say to the Israelites On the fifteenth day of the seventh month the Lords Feast of Tabernacles begins, and it lasts for seven days.Live in booths for seven days every last(predicate) native born Israelites are to live in booths so your descendants will sack out that I had the Israelites live in booths when I brought them out of Egypt. I am the Lord your paragon. So beginning with the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after you piddle pull together the crops of the land, celebrate the festival to the Lord for seven days the first day is a day of rest, and the eighth day in like realityner is a day of rest. On the first day you are to take extract fruit from the trees, and palm fronds, leafy branches, and poplars, and rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days.The first day is a sacred assembly do no regular work. For seven days pre direct offerings made to the Lord by fire, and on the eighth day hold a sacred assembly and pre move an offering made to the Lord by fire. It is the clo violateg assembly do no regular work. Passover Pentecost Booths April June October Planting Crops in ground Harvest Most go to Least attended Middle Lev. 235 Lev. 2315ff Lev. 2334ff 7 days plus 1 7 days times 7 plus 1 7 days plus 1 Feast of the First 7 weeks thusly 1 Fruits Cross Atonement holy place feeling Future Kingdom Eight is the number of regeneration new things Holy Spirit Brethren, v. adeiphoi Catholic and Jerome his cousins Sons of Joseph by a nonher marriage A group of rescuer followers Children of Joseph and Mary after delivery boy. They had a least seven baby birdren. Matt. 1355 Isnt this the carpenters word of honor? Isnt his mothers name Mary, and arent his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas? bent all his sisters with us? Where then did this objet dart get all these things? What were the bothers trying to do? They were being sarcastic Wanting fame from a famous brother A nonher of Satans sweats to kill deliverer prematurely En parresiai openly literally in boldness Timing (769). thitherfore saviour told them, The cover time for me has not yet come for you any time is right. The world cannot hate you, but it hates me beca use of goods and services I testify that what it does is evil. You go to the Feast. I am not yet going up to the Feast, be cause for me the right time has not yet come. Having tell this, he stayed in Galilee. Time karios not the normal word hora season Possibilities in resolving the problem Some appoint rescuer of falsehood Anabarino I go up in background ascending to Jerusalem in celebration of a completed task. He could not go up that mood for His task was not completedI am not ready to do the tabernacle work yet The time for saviour to celebrate the feast of Tabernacles will be At His give Hostilities (71013). However, after his brothers had left for the Feast, he went also, not publicly, but in secret. right off at the Feast the Jews were watching for him and asking, Where is that existence? Among the crowds there was widespread mouth n too soon him. Some tell, He is a good opus. Others replied, No, he deceives the lot. But no one would say anything publicly about him for fear of the Jews. Secretly kruptoi is primed(p) in contrast to public celebration. nvisible wear disgu ise on non-traveled paths Openly phaneros 710, and parnessaoi 74, both come the root word to Tell it all Whispering goggusmos mummer as they did In the wilderness Of confiders a good man Of non-believers not a good man Half He deceives tidy sum saviour is a divider of men the Nazarene and His Heavenly Claims (71439) His ____________________ (71424). Not until halfway through the Feast did saviour go up to the tabernacle courts and begin to teach. The Jews were amazed and asked, How did this man get such learning without having stu get outd? savior answered, My teaching is not my own. It comes from him who sent me. If anyone chooses to do Gods will, he will muster up out whether my teaching comes from God or whether I speak on my own. He who speaks on his own does so to evolve honor for himself, but he who works for the honor of the one who sent him is a man of truth there is nothing false about him. Has not Moses given you the law? Yet not one of you keeps the law. wh y are you trying to kill me? You are demon-possessed, the crowd answered. Who is trying to kill you? saviour said to them, I did one miracle, and you are all astonished.Yet, because Moses gave you circumcision (though actually it did not come from Moses, but from the patriarchs), you circumcise a child on the Sabbath. Now if a child can be circumcised on the Sabbath so that the law of Moses may not be broken, why are you angry with me for healing the whole man on the Sabbath? Stop judging by mere appearances, and make a right judgment. Four claims of the Nazarene in the midst of the feast (71424) Concerning His doctrine (71424) My doctrine is from God (716) Doctrine is teaching Doctrine is the product teaching is the process I defy preformed a miracle (721).Lame man to Bethesda Concerning His heavenly boot (72536) I am from God (728). I will return to God (733). leave alone do His will theisi poiein If a persons incorrupt purpose is in harmony with Gods will, then that per son will come to recognize the truth of Jesus doctrine. Because of the attitude of the Jews they cannot meet this define so they cannot understand His doctrine. Apparently the crowd did not whap their leading as they thought. It was un takeable that the spiritual leadership of the day would plot to murder. They thought Jesus must be either paraniod or demon possessedThe Sabbath law was not an absolute law a person could work under the right circumstance. If it were permissible to circumcise then why not to heal? This was not totally a new idea, Rabbi Eliezer, If circumcision, which concerns one of a mans 248 limbs, displaces the Sabbath, how much more must a mans whole body (i. e. , if his life be in danger) displace the Sabbath (Yoma 85b). Be angry cholate literally it is derived from the word gall and literally means to be full of bile. The monstrous act that Jesus described was that 19 months earlier, He had heal a man on Saturday, who had been sick 38 years.Jesus had not only taken care of the physical but also the spiritual problem. His ____________________ (72536). At that point, some of the people of Jerusalem began to ask, Isnt this the man they are trying to kill? hither he is, speaking publicly, and they are not saying a word to him. Have the authorities rattling concluded that he is the deliverer? But we lie with where this man is from when the Christ comes, no one will know where he is from. Then Jesus, still teaching in the temple courts, cried out, Yes, you know me, and you know where I am from. I am not here on my own, but he who sent me is true.You do not know him, but I know him because I am from him and he sent me. At this they tested to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his time had not yet come. Still, many in the crowd format their faith in him. They said, When the Christ comes, will he do more miraculous signs than this man? The Phari collects heard the crowd whispering such things about him. Then the ch ief priests and the Pharisees sent temple guards to arrest him. Jesus said, I am with you for only a short time, and then I go to the one who sent me. You will look for me, but you will not find me and here I am, you cannot come. The Jews said to one another, Where does this man intend to go that we cannot find him? Will he go where our people live scattered among the Greeks, and teach the Greeks? What did he mean when he said, You will look for me, but you will not find me, and Where I am, you cannot come? Verse 25 the plot to kill Jesus was common knowledge Lerosolumeiton v. 25 utilize only here and in mark off 115 refers specifically to the residents of Jerusalem as distinguished from both the crowds who invaded the city during the feast and the religious bureaucracy.Jewish tradition said that the coming of the messiah would be veiled in mystery. Some though that the Messiah would not know who he was until he was anointed by Elijah. Therefore, because Jesus knew who He was He could not be the Messiah. Cried with a loud voice. True v. 28 alethinos in the sense of genuineness rather than veracity. Still others in the crowd began to believe. v. 31. Response of the Pharisees Sent temple police to arrest him. Not Romans but Levitical police. v. 32. Sent spies out to gather evidence that could be used against Him in His trial. They did not report to the Sanhedrin until four days later.The Prophecy 735 They unknowingly prophesied that Jesus should go to the diaspora, i. e. , Jews outside Palestine and to the Gentiles. Dispersed scattered. Gentiles means commonwealths. a Latin phrase. This is exactly what the former(a) Church did, v. 35. His ____________________ (73739). On the last and greatest day of the Feast, Jesus stood and said in a loud voice, If anyone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. Whoever believes in me, as the Scripture has said, Streams of living water will function from within him. By this he meant the Spirit, whom those who bel ieved in him were later to receive.Up to that time the Spirit had not been given, since Jesus had not yet been glorified. Last day sunday Holy Spirit Not spoken of until the Holy Ghost/Spirit For seven days, the nation had lived in booths to remind them of Gods provision for the nation of Israel For seven days they rejoiced in the ____________________. The eighth day was a special Sabbath sunday priest would seclude water from the puddle of Siloam and take it to the temple to the altar. The people began to sing (Isa. 123), With joy you will draw water from the wells of salvation. At this point Jesus began to preach Is anyone thirsty? . As they are singing and pouring water, Jesus disrupts the ceremony with a loud voice. Jesus is either lunatic or sea captain The invitation is come and drink Koilias inward parts Organ of nourishment, ____________________. Organ of reproduction, ____________________. Organ of direction, ____________________. The hidden innermost recesses of t he kardia (heart), the seat of the intellect, emotions, and will, i. e. , the real person. Whose koilias? ____________________. Out of the givers tummy will flow living water. He spoke of the Holy Spirit as God pouring out. ___________________ He that believes, will be in dwelt with the Holy Spirit and gives the fruits, gifts, and fullness. This refers to rivers not belly. Verse 39 is a footnote that explains and adds to the text. As the rock produced water that nourished Israel in the wilderness so shall the Holy Spirit fills us What the Holy Spirit brings indwells the believer Romans 55 fills for service Eph. 518 gives quality life Gal. 52233 illuminates John 1426 secures heaven Eph. 11314 The Response of the Multitude (74053) Divided ____________________ (74043). On comprehend his words, some of the people said, Surely this man is the Prophet. Others said, He is the Christ. Still others asked, How can the Christ come from Galilee? Does not the Scripture say that the Chr ist will come from Davids family and from Bethlehem, the town where David lived? Thus the people were divided because of Jesus. Jesus always divides the people into two groups ____________________. People began to look at Jesus ____________________ after He disrupted the great procession. They did not really search His kindredplace. They thought He was born In galileeSchisma division comes from the verb to rend. There is now a clear split in the crowd. He is either accepted or rejected No middle ground Divided officers (74446). Some wanted to seize him, but no one laid a hand on him. Finally the temple guards went back to the chief priests and Pharisees, who asked them, Why didnt you bring him in? No one ever spoke the way this man does, the guards declared. What was true of the crowds was true of the officers they were divided Divided Sanhedrin (74753). You mean he has deceived you also? the Pharisees retorted. Has any of the rulers or of the Pharisees believed in him?No B ut this populace that knows nothing of the lawthere is a curse on them. Nicodemus, who had gone to Jesus earlier and who was one of their own number, asked, Does our law doom anyone without first hearing him to find out what he is doing? They replied, Are you from Galilee, too? Look into it, and you will find that a vaticinator does not come out of Galilee. Nicodemus was one of the leaders of the Jews who Believed on Jesus The response of the Pharisees may be interpreted in two ways. They may be urging Nicodemus to read the scriptures and see that no prophet had ever appeared in Galilee. This of course is not true.Jonah, Hosea, Nahum, Elijah, Elisha, and Amos came from Galilee. Jonah came from around Nazareth. Search did not refer to the Scriptures but the place. From your knowledge of Galilee, is it the kind of place to produce a prophet? The same attitude as Nathanael first had. Went to their own home they had been living in booths and the feast was over so home. They went back to live in their houses. Jesus had confounded them. WhT ELSE COULD THEY DO. Review Why is Jesus called the Heavenly One in this chapter? Describe the Feast of Tabernacles. Why did Jesus half brothers want him to go to Jerusalem?Who were these brethren (v. 35)? Why did Jesus go up to this feast? What time of year was the Feast of Tabernacles? What did Jesus mean by the use of belly? What was the response of the multitude to Jesus action at the Feast of Tabernacles? Christ The Light of the World Outline Chapter 8 Christ, the Lord of an Immoral Woman (8111) A snare produced (816). But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives. At dawn he appeared again in the temple courts where all the people gathered around him, and he sat down to teach them. The teachers of the law and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in criminal conversation.They made her stand before the group and said to Jesus, Teacher, this woman was caught in the act of adultery. In the Law Moses commanded us to stone su ch women. Now what do you say? They were using this question as a trap, in order to induce a basis for accusing him. But Jesus knack down and started to write on the ground with his finger. Introduction There is a major textual problem in Chapter 8. 753811 is missing in some ancient manuscripts. Some translations either put in a disclaimer or a footnote. Arguments for authenticity Internal argument It is consistent with the ____________________.It is consistent with the ____________________. Documents the story of the woman caught in adultery was cited in the third century Apostolic Constitutions. Church Fathers. It was considered authentic by Jerome, Ambrose, and Augustine. Augustine tells why it is missing some he calls weak in the faith feared their wives would use it to ____________________. This was an obvious trap to put Jesus on the horns of a dilemma. Stone her lose his title as ____________________. Let her go be in rivalry ____________________. Remember the situati on. Vacation atmosphere may be easier for ____________________.Living in booths, easier to catch someone in the act of adultery or ____________________. Early dawning orthrou ____________________. It was common for a Rabbi to teach ____________________. If they had been interested in howeverice they would have taken her ____________________. They brought only the woman. Normally she would have been taken to her husband, or even before a court. The word for adultery is micheumoen which always refers to sexual infidelity involving married people uncomplete ____________________. She was put in the ____________________. Where is the man? The reference to the law of Moses was ____________________.Deut. 222224, If a man is found sleeping with another mans wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. Stoning We often think of ____________________. The Greek word is for a stone about the ____________________. The person would be held down on the ground and the one who cast the first stone was ____________________. The predicament If Jesus had said release her, he would have ____________________. If He said stone her, ____________________. ____________________. She had Broken the ____________________. Her word Her very character Broken ____________________. Broken ____________________.A sentence produced (8611). They were using this question as a trap, in order to have a basis for accusing him. But Jesus bent down and started to write on the ground with his finger. When they kept on questioning him, he straightened up and said to them, If any one of you is without sin, let him be the first to throw a stone at her. Again he stooped down and wrote on the ground. At this, those who heard began to go away one at a time, the older ones first, until only Jesus was left, with the woman still standing there. Jesus straightened up and asked her, Woman, where are they?Has no one condemned you? No one, sir, she said. Then neither do I condemn you, Jesus declared. Go now and leave your life of sin. Why write? To prove Jesus ____________________. Christ was ____________________ Jesus did not need time to think. He was giving them time to think. Lawgiver. He wrote the first law on tablets of stone He is now telling the audience He has the right to ____________________. It was common for a teacher ____________________ as a visual aid. Two words for writing. Kategaphen to write against. What did Jesus write? List of the ____________________.Armenian crude Testament, He himself, bowing His head, was writing with His finger on the earth to declare their sins and they were seeing their several sins on the stones. Jesus wrote the ____________________. Wrote the ____________________ who attached adultery with the woman. Wrote something about the ____________________. Egraphen Jesus ____________________. Without sin anamartetos One who has not sinned, or one who cannot sin although the latter meaning was never expressed in the New Te stament. A. T. Roberston, He who has not committed this same sin. The one who is not in on this plot.Jewish leaders were all conspirators in this conflict. Being convicted by their own conscience elegchomenoi literally means to ____________________. The light was reminding these hardened scribes and Pharisees of their own history of sin. Katekrinen to give judgment ____________________. Stoning was symbolic. Stoning by the Jews involved taking large rocks, raising them over ones head with both hands and thrusting them down upon the victim. Sin no more He condemned her sin but con wear downed her person. We condone ____________________. But condemn ____________________. Christ, the Light in Moral Darkness (81230)Why light? ____________________ four golden candelabras each with four golden bowls. The bowls had been filed with oil and lit. contemporaneous observers claimed the light was so brilliant, it illuminated the entire city of Jerusalem. The memory would still be in the m inds of his listeners. ____________________ that led Israel. Light is applied ____________________. ____________________ He may have been teaching just before sunrise. Jesus, ____________________ which drove away the conspiring Pharisees and illuminated the heart of the woman taken in adultery. By revealing the Christ (81220). When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life. The Pharisees challenged him, Here you are, appearing as your own go out your testimony is not valid. Jesus answered, Even if I testify on my own behalf, my testimony is valid, for I know where I came from and where I am going. But you have no idea where I come from or where I am going. You judge by homo standards I pass judgment on no one. But if I do judge, my decisions are right, because I am not alone. I stand with the Father, who sent me.In your own Law it is written that the testimony of two men is valid. I am one who testifies for myself my other visit is the Father, who sent me. Then they asked him, Where is your founding stick? You do not know me or my Father, Jesus replied. If you knew me, you would know my Father also. He spoke these words art object teaching in the temple field of operations near the place where the offerings were put. Yet no one seized him, because his time had not yet come. According to the accepted rules of evidence one could not give witness for himself it must be verified in the presence of ____________________.There is life in light there is death in ____________________. The Pharisees said ouk alethes meaning his witness was not pertinent or irrelevant. It was like saying the sun is not shining if only one person sees it. The two witness of verse 16. Jesus Father Are There Not Twelve Hours In The Day? (119) The hour of the Son of Mans shining (24 1223). The hour of the Saviors set outing (730 820 171). The hour of the Seekers summons (139). The hour of the sinners salvation (46, 29). The hour of the supplicants certainty (452). The hour of the Saints service (1927).The hour of the Shepherds sabbatical (131). The hour of the Souls sorrow (1227 1621). The hour of the students scattering (1632). The hour of the Sovereigns showing (1914). The hour of the son of Gods supremacy (52529). (119) Jesus answered, are there not twelve hours of daylight? A man who walks by day will not stumble, for he sees by this worlds light. Gegraptai v. 17 perfect tense meaning it has been written in the past and stands written. By revealing the Father (82127). at one time more Jesus said to them, I am going away, and you will look for me, and you will die in your sin.Where I go, you cannot come. This made the Jews ask, Will he kill himself? Is that why he says, Where I go, you cannot come? But he continued, You are from below I am from above. You are of this world I am not of this world. I told you that you would die in your sins if you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be you will indeed die in your sins. Who are you? they asked. Just what I have been claiming all along, Jesus replied. I have much to say in judgment of you. But he who sent me is reliable, and what I have heard from him I tell the world. The first use of sin is singular (821) hamartiai ____________________. Where as the second time He used the plural hamartiais (824) ____________________. Kill himself, v. 22 it was widely held among Pharisees that anyone that killed himself would ____________________. By revealing the Cross (82830). So Jesus said, When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am the one I claim to be and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me. The one who sent me is with me He has not left me alone, for I always do what pleases Him. Even as He spoke, many put heir faith in Him. Jesus constantly reminds them of the ____________________. He also constantly u ses the term ____________________. Here again Jesus refers to Himself, ____________________. People believed eis into Him ____________________. Christ the Liberator of Moral thralldom (83159) Bondage declared (83136). To the Jews who had believed him, Jesus said, If you hold to my teaching, you are really my disciples. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free. They answered him, We are Abrahams descendants and have never been slaves of anyone. How can you say that we shall be set free? Jesus replied, I tell you the truth, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. Now a slave has no permanent place in the family, but a son belongs to it forever. So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. Jesus then talks to the believers. Some may have believed to salvation, v. 30. Others not, v. 31 it is possible to be a professor and not ____________________ of salvation. True disciples are those who hold on to His teaching. Jews never in bondage. __________________ __. ____________________. Jesus was not speaking of political bondage but ____________________. Doulos slave to sin. cf.Romans chapters 668. Bondage explained (83647). So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. I know you are Abrahams descendants. Yet you are ready to kill me, because you have no live for my word. I am telling you what I have seen in the Fathers presence, and you do what you have heard from your father. Abraham is our father, they answered. If you were Abrahams children, said Jesus, then you would do the things Abraham did. As it is, you are determined to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham did not do such things. You are doing the things your own father does. We are not illegitimate children, they protested. The only Father we have is God himself. Jesus said to them, If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and now am here. I have not come on my own but he sent me. Why is my language not cle ar to you? Because you are futile to hear what I say. You belong to your father, the devil, and you want to carry out your fathers desire. He was a murderer from the beginning, not holding to the truth, for there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks his native language, for he is a liar and the father of lies.Yet because I tell the truth, you do not believe me Can any of you prove me guilty of sin? If I am telling the truth, why dont you believe me? He who belongs to God hears what God says. The reason you do not hear is that you do not belong to God. Free indeed, ____________________. Abraham was a friend of God so if we are his children, we are ____________________. Note the dialectic they are Abrahams ____________________, but Jesus is Gods ____________________. Not born of fornication may be a jab about the birth of Jesus. There are only two possibilities.Jesus was either born through ____________________ or ____________________. The prophet Hosea disagreed with the J ews v. 41 he said the nation had release the ____________________. Hosea 1924. Jesus says that they are children of Satan, v. 44. Outwardly religious inwardly ____________________. Bondage demonstrated (84859). The Jews answered him, Arent we right in saying that you are a Samaritan and demon-possessed? I am not possessed by a demon, said Jesus, but I honor my Father and you shock me. I am not seeking air for myself but there is one who seeks it, and he is the judge.I tell you the truth, if anyone keeps my word, he will never see death. At this the Jews exclaimed, Now we know that you are demon-possessed Abraham died and so did the prophets, yet you say that if anyone keeps your word, he will never taste death. Are you greater than our father Abraham? He died, and so did the prophets. Who do you think you are? Jesus replied, If I glorify myself, my glory means nothing. My Father, whom you claim as your God, is the one who glorifies me. Though you do not know him, I know him. I f I said I did not, I would be a liar like you, but I do know him and keep his word.Your father Abraham rejoiced at the thought of seeing my day he saw it and was glad. You are not yet fifty years old, the Jews said to him, and you have seen Abraham I tell you the truth, Jesus answered, before Abraham was born, I am At this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself, slipping away from the temple grounds. The Jews responded by name calling (good when no facts support your conclusions). ____________________ v. 48. One of the strongest insults one could make to a Jew. There was also a play on words in Aramaic, Shomeroni meaningSamaritan and Shomeroni could also mean a child of the devil. ____________________ v. 48. Abraham rejoiced to see my day. In Paradise before ____________________. From the gospel of Nicodemus and The Acts of Pilate Abraham rejoicing to see the light of the approaching Christ when Jesus descended into hell between the cross and the resurrecti on. Abraham rejoiced by faith knowing that Messiah would be ____________________. Abrahams ____________________ in Genesis 15821. His express mirth at Isaacs birth was not a laugh of unbelief but belief that the Messiah would come through Isaac.Gen. 241 Abraham had a ____________________ into the future of the nation. Gen. 171, vision when Abram was ninety-nine years old, the Lord appeared to him and said, I am God almighty walk before me and be blameless. ____________________ Genesis 18 Jesus ate with Abraham then later Abraham interceded before the destruction on the cities of the plains. Not 50 years old Could be his actual age ____________________. 50 years was the age of Levitical retirement. The point you are not old enough to retire, much less ____________________. General term meaning old.I Am they took up stones again not little stones but big stones. They are in the middle of construction at the temple and there must have been many large stones around. They came firs t to stone a ____________________ and ended up trying to stone a ____________________. Review What two persons did the Jews want to stone? Why did Jesus write on the ground? Where was the man who was in adultery with the woman? What was the acrimonyce of the statement, I am the Light? What did Jesus mean without sin (verse 7)? Who did Jesus suggest was the Father of the Jews? Why did the Jews call Jesus a Samaritan?How does this chapter prove the Deity of Jesus? How did Jesus pass through those attempting to stone Him? Christ The Light of the World Chapter 9 The Healing of the Blind Man (917) As he went along, he saw a man art from birth. His disciples asked him, Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born unsighted? Neither this man nor his parents sinned, said Jesus, but this happened so that the work of God might be displayed in his life. As long as it is day, we must do the work of him who sent me. Night is coming, when no one can work. While I am in the wo rld, I am the light of the world. Having said this, he spit on the ground, made some mud with the saliva, and put it on the mans eyes. Go, he told him, swear out in the Pool of Siloam (this word means Sent). So the man went and washed, and came home seeing. Introduction Two major themes, light and opposition. It begins when Jesus becomes the ____________________ to the man born blind and ends with the healed man receiving ____________________. The Jewish bureaucracy rejected the light and persecuted those who responded to the light. Compare chapters 8 and 9. Jesus the light ____________________. Jesus the Liberator ____________________.Jesus the sinless one ____________________. Jesus the I am I AM ____________________. Ballo, (859) aorist active subjunctive, suggesting that some had already begun to throw stones. They are willing to break the Sabbath to kill Jesus even while He was in the temple proper. How did Jesus hide Himself? He became ____________________. Blind _______ _____________. Jesus ____________________, or the ____________________ Jesus and the man with stones. You would think that Jesus would be track from the stones but instead as He walks out the gate He takes time to heal a blind beggar.He had put His trust in the Father. The beautiful gate faces north bronze doors with a vine on it. The gate kept the blind and lame ____________________. In this miracle the person healed has been blind from birth. The early Christian writers used this miracle as an ____________________. Question Who sinned? If blind from birth then it was hard for the blindness ____________________. Several Old Testament passages say that the children will suffer the consequences of ____________________. Exodus 347 Maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion and sin.Yet he does not leave the guilty undisciplined he punishes the children and their children for the sins of the fathers to the third and stern generation. Num. 1418 The Lord is slo w to anger, abounding in love and forgiving sin and rebellion. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished he punishes the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation. Deut 59 You shall not bow down to them or worship them for I, the Lord your God, am a overjealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the fathers to the third and fourth generation of those who hate me. Jer. 129 In those days people will no longer say, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the childrens teeth are set on edge. Instead, everyone will die for his own sin whoever eats sour grapeshis own teeth will be set on edge. Eze. 182 What do you people mean by quoting this proverb about the land of Israel The farther eat sour grapes, and the childrens teeth are set on edge? A popular Jewish thought was that sin did not begin at birth but ____________________. The man had sinned prior to his birth. Pre-existence of souls. In their ____________________ they could sin.There are o ther reasons than sin for deformities. This man was born blind so ____________________. Why did Jesus use ashes and spittle? Spittle was believed to have special ____________________. It was used in two miracles. Today when you hurt your finger, you put it in your mouth. Kneading clay with spittle is specifically forbidden by the Sabbath laws of the Jews. Jesus was again challenging the authority over ____________________. He is reminding that man was originally made from the ____________________. Why send the man so far to wash? The pool of Bethesda was much closer than the pool of Siloam.Wash go ____________________ in the water of Siloam. The answer is seen in the typical significance of this pool from which water was drawn on the eighth day following the feast of Tabernacles. In that ceremony the waters of Siloam were likened unto ____________________. Isa. 123. Siloam means sent. One of Jesus name calling is Shiloah, i. e. , sent one, Genesis 4910. To ____________________. Im agine a blind man with clay in his eyes trying to get to the pool ? of a cc away. After he washed he returned seeing. The determine of the Blind Man (9834) Introduction to this section.Verses of progression of faith. 11 a man who is ____________________. 17 ____________________. 31 a ____________________ who does His will. 36, 38 a ____________________. Progression of faith ____________________ Jesus (v. 11) Told ____________________ (v. 15) Testimony ____________________ (v. 25) ____________________ His faith (v. 3033) Becomes a ____________________ (v. 36) Finally is a ____________________ (v. 38) Five descending steps away from faith. Weak faith (Romans 41920) Little faith (Matthew 14) Faithless natural Doubt Unbelief the opposite of belief. Witness to his friends (9812). His neighbors and those who had formerly seen him begging asked, Isnt this the same man who used to sit and beg? Some claimed that he was. Others said, No, he only looks like him. But he himself insis ted, I am the man. How then were your eyes opened? they demanded. He replied, The man they call Jesus made some mud and put it on my eyes. He told me to go to Siloam and wash. So I went and washed, and then I could see. Where is this man? they asked him. I dont know, he said. Who used to observe him theoreo theoroutes present active participle. Some ____________________ He is like him ouchi denoting a vigorous enial concerning the identity of the man. If people that knew him did not believe it was he, it is not surprising that the Pharisees later questioned if the man had ever been blind. The man knew ____________________ aneblepsa aorist active apocalyptical of anablepo meaning to see and continue seeing. He did not know where Jesus was because after Jesus anointed his eyes with clay, the man walked ? of a mile and Jesus went His way. Witness to the Pharisees (91318). They brought to the Pharisees the man who had been blind. Now the day on which Jesus had made the mud an d opened the mans eyes was a Sabbath.Therefore the Pharisees also asked him how he had received his sight. He put mud on my eyes, the man replied, and I washed, and now I see. Some of the Pharisees said, This man is not from God, for he does not keep the Sabbath. But others asked, How can a sinner do such miraculous signs? So they were divided. Finally they turned again to the blind man, What have you to say about him? It was your eyes he opened. The man replied, He is a prophet. The Jews still did not believe that he had been blind and had received his sight until they sent for the mans parents. If this was a miracle then the Jewish leaders needed to listen to Jesus. If they listen to Jesus they must ____________________. They must disprove the miracle so the Jewish leaders must stop talking to the man and go ____________________. Verse 16 Jesus brings ____________________. Witness to His family (91823). The Jews still did not believe that he had been blind and had received hi s sight until they sent for the mans parents. Is this your son? they asked. Is this the one you say was born blind? How is it that now he can see? We know he is our son, the parents answered, and we know he was born blind.But how he can see now, or who opened his eyes, we dont know. Ask him. He is of age he will speak for himself. His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews, for already the Jews had decided that anyone who acknowledged that Jesus was the Christ would be put out of the synagogue. That was why his parents said, He is of age ask him. The three question asked the parents Is this ____________________? Was he ____________________? How does he ____________________? These three questions come out as one in the Greek, perhaps in an attempt to confuse the parents into making a misstatement.They are looking for some loophole. The parents are scared to death ephobounto they feared (922) is imperfect middle and refers to ____________________. They are probab ly thrilled that this son is healed but not the prospect of excommunication from the synagogue. They will not even stand up for their child. Put out of the synagogue. Ostracized in the Jewish community of interests living in Jerusalem, that meant ____________________. Three kinds or stages of excommunication. ____________________ lasted from seven to thirty days, and to some degree shunned. ____________________ at least thirty days up to sixty days. practically accompanied by curses and sometimes proclaimed with the blasting of a horn. Everyone would stay six to seven feet away from them and if they dies stones were thrown at the coffin. ____________________ indefinite time set as if they were dead. No communication at all. It seems the man healed will be cast out before the day is over. Witness to His foes (92434). A second time they summoned the man who had been blind. Give glory to God, they said. We know this man is a sinner. He replied, Whether he is a sinner or not, I do nt know. One thing I do know. I was blind but now I see Then they asked him, What did he do to you? How did he open your eyes? He answered, I have told you already and you did not listen. Why do you want to hear it again? Do you want to become his disciples, too? Then they hurled insults at him and said, You are this fellows disciple We are disciples of Moses We know that God spoke to Moses, but as for this fellow, we dont even know where he comes from. The man answered, Now that is remarkable You dont know where he comes from, yet he opened my eyes. We know that God does not listen to sinners. He listens to the godly man who does his will.Nobody has ever heard of opening the eyes of a man born blind. If this man were not from God, he could do nothing. To this they replied, You were steeped in sin at birth how dare you lecture us And they threw him out. The progression of opposition. demonstrate one people ____________________ (vs. 89) Stage two people are _________________ ___. Stage three they attack ____________________ (v. 16). Stage four they create ____________________. Stage five ____________________ you are dumb. Stage six they accuse you of ____________________. Stage seven ____________________.Revile more than verbal abuse, ____________________. Give God the praise an insinuation that ____________________ in context was an idiom meaning, Speak the truth in the presence and the name of God. First used by Joshua speaking to Achan calling on him to confess his sin to the nation. Joshua 719, Then Joshua said to Achan, My son, give glory to the Lord, the God of Israel, and give him the praise. Tell me what you have done do not hide if from me. The amazing thing is that this man refuses to deny the miracle and he ____________________. The mans argument is based upon three commonly held views.God does not answer ____________________. God does and will hear the prayers of those ____________________. No one ever had before healed someone bor n ____________________. If Jesus was not from God ____________________. The man is cast out Threw him out ____________________. Excommunicated cast out it did not take a pro forma meeting of the whole Sanhedrin, as few as ten men could meet to sentence a man this way. The Worship of the Blind Man (93541) Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, and when he found him, he said, Do you believe in the Son of Man? Who is he, sir? the man asked. Tell me so that I may believe in him. Jesus said, You have now seen him in fact, he is the one speaking with you. Then the man said, Lord, I believe, and he worshiped him. Jesus said, For judgment I have come into this world, so that the blind will see and those who see will become blind. Some Pharisees who were with him heard him say this and asked, What? Are we blind too? Jesus said, If you were blind, you would not be guilty of sin but now that you claim you can see, your guilt remains. Word got around and Jesus found him. Note Jesus does not use Son of God but ____________________. Do you believe? suggests an ____________________ in the Greek. You do believe, dont you? The man did not know what to believe or who to believe in. Worshiped here prosekunesen ____________________. The blind shall see and the sighted ____________________. Review At what location did healing of the blind man take place? Give three ways Jesus might have hid himself? Give three reasons Jesus may have used clay to heal? How did the faith of the blind man grow? What three questions were asked of the parents? How was the healed man excommunicated? What are the seven stages of opposition to Jesus? What does the blind man do when he meets Jesus?

Challenges to Gender Equality in Syria

Ch eitherenges to Gender Equality in SyriaIt is without a doubt that Syria is currently passing through the close to critical crisis since its modern birth in the beginning of the twentieth century. The U.N. recently declargond the Syria conflict the biggest benevolentitarian and calmness and security crisis currently facing the populace as the fighting enters its fourth year.Since the onset of the conflict in March 2011, there assume been much than 100,000 fatalities half of whom atomic number 18 believed to be graciousians. Syria has become the worlds lede country of forced displacement with around 40 per cent of Syrias pre-conflict population uprooted from their homes. There are to a greater extent than 6.5 jillion population intern onlyy displaced and another 2.5 million registered refugees who fled mainly to the neighboring countries of Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan and Turkey. The number of refugees, however, is much higher as hundreds of thousands more await registration wh ile many others choose not to register.Though nigh all of Syrias population is affected by the conflict, the U.N. estimates that over thirteen million people are in dire fate of valetitarian assistance. Syrias youth and children are paying the heaviest toll with acute shortage in nutrition and vaccination and privation of educational activity.Moreover, with the deteriorating security situation in the country, Syrian women pay back become increasingly exposed to a range of violations from the different parties in the conflict. Women confine become the main victims of the consequences of the dreadful conflict. Thousands of civilian women have been killed in the conflict and many others have been raped, ar layed, tortured, taken as hostages and often used as world shields. Sexual violence has also been systemically used against Syrian women in this conflict as a means to terrorize them and their families.Despite all these atrocities and crimes committed against them, Syrian wom en remain outside the politicians agendas who continue to ignore their overcompensates especially to full company and equal citizenship. as yet before the war, and although Syria has ratified a number of international conventions including CEDAW, womens participation in general and in political life in particular has been passing low. The social set of the society and its negative view of women have led to the exclusion of women from most decision-making positions all over the Syrian social, economic and political life.Challenges cladding the coalescenceApart from the external constraints caused by the Syrian crisis, the Coalition of Syrian Women for Democracy faces a number of challenges that must be considered and overcome. These include finding and agreeing on common goals and means. The following strategic plan will clarify a clear focus and set realistic objectives on what the Coalition has been cleared to accomplish. Nevertheless, the Coalition needs to form a coordina tion committee that will have to deal with a number of issues that if unaddressed might weaken the Coalition. The Coordination Committee needs to form a center of operations to deal internally with the outgrowths of the Coalition and externally with the partners, donors and other relevant actors. The Committee needs to work on boosting the need of the members and extend clear methods and mechanisms to resolve conflicts within the Coalition. Members need also to have a sense that severally atomic number 53 is doing their fair share of the workload and contri yeting to what is pass judgment of them to achieve the Coalitions goal.The Coalition, through its statutes and bylaws, must also ensure that there is a clear decision-making mechanism and that there is a clear instinct among members and partners as to how decisions in the Coalition are made. The Coalition needs also to promote a culture of trust within the Coalition where all members tidy sum feel that their agreements an d dealings are open, forthright and transparent and that all members have equal status.Other challenges that the Coalition will need to address is credit and profile of the members where all members need to feel that they are receiving the credit and visibility they de give ear unless they want to remain anonymous for one reason or another.The Coalitions advocacy efforts will gain more strength and efficiency provided that the Coordination Committee also works on prioritized and consistent issues through sharing the priorities of the Coalition as a whole and agreeing to work towards the shared goal. This trick be achieved by developing clear lines of communication between members and learning how to utilize each members skills and resources.Last but not least, joining efforts together, while definitely offering a range of advantages, might also be hampered by a set of weaknesses. For the Coalition to be effective and sustainable, it requires the active participation of all the mem bers of the Coalition. The feature that many coalitions and networks are dominated by one individual can be a major obstacle. In his/her absence, no decisions will be taken and no communication will be activated, etc. It is important that all members contribute and are encouraged to contribute to the workload and that information is disseminated across the Coalition. This requires sharing information continuously and not just passively receiving it. The Coalition need to set the pace for planning, initiating and participating in joint activities and not merely waiting for things to happen.Our ValuesGender EqualityWe believe that all human beings have the right to develop their personal abilities and make choices without the detainations set by gender roles. We believe that men and women have the same intrinsic value and thus are equally valuable to society and have equal rights and responsibilities. We believe that there should be equality in outcomes rather than simply equality in opportunities and that all forms of discrimination should be completely abolished.EqualityEquality implies that everyone has equal rights, a fact that enables us to create a fairer society where everyone can participate and has the chance to fulfil their potential. Because real equality will only exist when we recognize and value difference and work together for inclusion, the Coalition recognizes, respects, values and emb campaigns difference for the good of everyone. The Coalition also believes in gender equity and that men and women should receive fair treatment in all aspects of life.DemocracyWe believe that democracy is more than just the right to vote democracy requires that people be allowed to defend their legitimate interests and rights and have the means to influence decisions affecting their lives. Democracy also requires people to make informed decisions, to have the freedom to express their views and to participate in political processes without fear of retributio n.FreedomsThe Coalition believes that the inherent dignity and the equal rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedoms and justice in the world and as such all people should have the freedom of speech and expression, freedom to assemble cessationfully and without arms, to flow freely and to practice any profession, trade or business and to follow their dreams and aspirations.Participation and EmpowermentWe believe that women must be healthful prepared and empower to participate effectively in making decisions that affect their lives and future. Women need not only learn about their rights but they should also learn to acquire skills that would accelerate their access to decision-making positions in times of peace and war.CitizenshipWe believe that citizenship goes beyond the status of being a citizen of a particular community or state. Citizenship means the right of living together in dignity with other citizens and sharing a common home with them. Cit izenship requires a sense of a mutual interest and a relationship that includes rights, duties and privileges. Thus, we believe that citizenship, democracy and equality are integrally three interlinked concepts.JusticeThe Coalition believes in the fair and proper administration of laws irrespective of nationality, ethnicity, gender, race and religion, and that all people should be treated equally and without prejudice and should have the right to access justice as a main component of their human rights. The Coalition believes that justice holds individuals and groups accountable for their actions and thus protects everyones rights. Justice should lead to establishing power balances within the society and reinforcing gender equity.Social JusticeWe believe that each person has a unique value as an individual and is thus entitled to have fair access to resources according to his / her capacities and abilities. We believe that attitudes of respect for one another should be developed as hale. We also believe that proper policies and patterns of behavior should be shaped to protect and enhance the value of each individual. precept of Strategy OneSyrian women, like most women in Arab countries, do not enjoy equal rights or equal opportunities with men. This is reflected clearly in their lack of access to political rights, civil rights, education, decision-making positions and key jobs. Even well educated women have to struggle against ancient traditions and restrictive social values that stereotype women and limit their abilities and fair access to power and resources.Democracy and human rights are integrally intertwined to one another. Human rights can only be protected when there is a true democracy and rule of law in a country. A functional democracy would embrace diversity and would allow power to ultimately rest with the people. The Coalition believes that such a model has to provide fair opportunities for women to become full partners within the Syrian society at all levels. However, democracy and human rights are interdependent. Without human rights, democracy is meaningless. The Coalition realizes that true democracy cannot be achieved unless there is a focused advocacy on human rights, womens rights, civil and political rights as well as social, economic, educational and cultural rights. These rights can only be accomplished and protected through a modern popular constitution that would specifically guard Syrian womens rights and equality.The Coalition will strive to advocate for a constitution that not only grants equality to women but also sets a framework that would adopt measures of positive discrimination in favor of women such as a quota for neutralizing the cumulative political and socio economic disadvantages and marginalisation that they have experienced for decades. The Coalition will work towards achieving a constitution that would ensure gender equality before the law as well as the equal vindication of the law, prohibi t discrimination against any citizen on grounds of sex, religion, or ethnicity and guarantee equality in opportunity and outcome to all manlike and female citizens.Rationale of Strategy TwoThe human sex ratio in the world, as well as in Syria, is almost equal. As such, women oppose half the society without their full and meaningful participation, the society is crippled with half its capacities. Using only part of its resources, a society is destined to fail. Syria is no exception. Women should be considered as full partners in a world that both men and women equally share. Womens participation in Syria continues to be limited per se, effective participation remains a top priority and a critical element for achieving gender equality.The Coalition plans to lobby on behalf of the Syrian women to change all legislations that block up their full participation in political, economic and peace-making processes across all sectors and throughout different levels of life in Syria. The goa l is to establish a more electrostatic and just society in Syria. This can only be accomplished by increasing womens capacities and skills and by adopting favorable laws and policies that would provide the proper motivation and opportunity for women to advance, flourish and achieve.Moreover, with the devastating conflict going on in Syria, the imperatives for peace and peacebuilding are enormously substantial. It is obvious that at some point that peace building and conflict resolution will be sought but such a process cannot be accomplished without the critical participation of women. Therefore, women have to be active participants at the negotiating table as negotiators, mediators and technical experts. Gender issues must be integrated into all the negotiation processes. The interests and concerns of women in Syria, as well as those displaced internally and across neighboring countries, must be discussed and addressed properly.The absence of women from formal peace negotiations i s quite discriminatory and unfair given the fact that women have not only become parties to the conflict but also its main victims. The continued marginalization of Syrian women in related peace efforts that count at preventing, addressing and resolving conflicts means that the local and international communities need to take more decisive action to remedy this injustice.The Coalition adopts UN Security Council resolution 1325 on women, peace and security so as to annex Syrians womens participation in all efforts related to peace and security, and to strengthen their protection in the armed conflict the country is passing through.The Coalition will concretely lobby for the participation of Syrian women in key decision-making processes related to peace and security. It will also ensure that Syrian womens contribution is important in preventing, managing and resolving the current conflict and later in building up the society after the conflict has been resolved.Rationale of Strategy ThreeA coalition is a union of people and organizations that come together for the purpose of gaining more influence, outcome and power than the individual organizations can achieve on their own especially in advocacy efforts. As such, there is a need to glide by time and energy to build a coalition and amass the power necessary to accomplish the intended change. Goals range from information sharing to coordination of services, from community education to advocacy for major environmental or policy changes.The Coalition of Syrian Women for Democracy seeks to influence the Syrian constitution and all relevant policies and legislations that deprive Syrian women of their rights and prohibit them from fully participating in all aspects of political, economic and social life in Syria. The Coalition, however, is faced with several significant organizational challenges. Among these are the qualification to function under the dynamic changes that Syria is passing through at the moment the ability to make better use of the limited resources it has access to the ability to increase the capacity and accountability of its members and the ability to preserve its mission course and ultimately achieve the Coalitions goals and objectives.The Coalition realizes quite well the urgency to respond to these organizational challenges as soon as possible. Moreover, the coordination committee needs to get more involved in the steering, communication, monitoring and guidance processes. The Coalition aims to develop the structures, strategies, methodologies, processes and procedures that would serve the Coalition best and ultimately increase its capacity and resilience. This cannot be achieved without investing in the capacity building of the members of the Coalition. This would require development of the members human resources, strategies, policies and procedures as well as leadership. The Coalition will embrace two values when developing its members capacities. These are 1) humani stic values that relate to equality, openness, honesty and integrity and 2) democratic values that relate to social justice, freedom of choice, and involvement.

Aboriginal And Indigenous Peoples History Essay

Aboriginal And Indigenous Peoples History Essay2. The Incas were found to be truly educated and advanced(a) people as they devised their own way of living up in the Andean landing field which was do up of many varied geological areas. They had come up designed storehouses and intricate architectural constructions displaying their vast know takege of architectonics. Stones weighing several tonnes fitted together so well that no mortar was needed in the mathematical process of their constructions. Although the Incas idea of time was unlike others, they had established systems of agriculture, transport and communication routes giving us the impression that they were very knowledgeable people and were capable of blush promote advancing in technology.The Incas were very self-reliant with enough food, clothing and shelter for their communities and used their resources efficiently, storing the remains for times of need. They were able to produce their own crops but altogether made enough for themselves, which meant they had to trade with neighbouring tribes to obtain what they didnt have. Some of their main crops included maize corn, cotton and potatoes. The Incas made good use of the climate of the different regions of the Incan Empire. The adapting of the climates also meant that they had different jobs for the various regions of the Andean Area so they would be able to get to a greater extent out of their trade. For specific areas, people had a gang of several occupations as it was more productive that way.3. (Last page)4. (Last page)During contact and Comparison to Aboriginal Contact1. The Spanish2. The people who colonised the Inca Empire of the Andes were the Spanish. The Spaniards had previously conquered the Aztecs and were now touching onto the Andean area where the Incas dwelled. A man named Francisco Pizarro along with almost other Spanish men made a total of three expeditions to the Andes in an start out to conquer the Incan Empire.The first e xpedition was made alone by Francisco Pizarro himself in 1524-1525 and he had only just entered the coast of Columbia. As Pizarro was friendly towards the Incas, they offered him princely and silver as a welcoming and sign of benevolence. Pizarro then made a second voyage to the Andean Area but this time he was accompanied by Bartholomew Ruz, his ship captain and other Spanish conquistadors. Ruz brought lynchpin to Pizarro many tales about the riches and the rising tribe and society of the Incas. He also brought back two traders from whom the Spaniards learnt many things from such as about their endless amounts of gold and silver supplies and the magnificent Inca cities. Hearing this, Pizarro had even more desire to conquer the Incas for their abundant amounts of wealth. They also wanted to colonise the tear due to them thinking they were a superior race with a righteous duty to change the heathens they found to Christianity to rule and utilize them. Hence, on their third trip to the Andean Area, the Spaniards approached them with the purpose of conquest and conversion.3. The minority of the Spaniards had any desire to pledge with the civilisations that they conquered at that time, meaning that most did not wish to socialise with the Incas. Although, at the beginning of Pizarros expedition to the unknown Andean Area, he only came with the initial persuasion of exploring the prop, and without the intention of colonising them, meaning that his first encounter with the Incas was surprisingly friendly. However, as he was welcomed with such kindness by the Incas who even offered to give him gold and silver (which he accepted), he suddenly had the greed and aspiration to take it all from them for himself just from seeing the huge amounts of wealth they had. From his original friendly exploration to the discovery of the Incan gold, Pizarro then made it war between the Spaniards and the Incas.On their third journey to the Andes, Pizarro and the Spanish, who sa id they brought the Incas no harm, were welcomed by the Inca Emperor Atahuallpa who thought the foreigners were to bring him good fortune. Nevertheless, their insane emperor was greatly mistaken, for Pizarro had deceived Atahuallpa, and kidnapped him. Pizarro and the Spaniards subsequently held the Incas emperor for ransom, and in return he got more gold. Even so, they then killed their emperor and further active for their plan to colonise the Andean Area.4. The Incas at first, meeting with Pizarro were friendly and gave him gold to welcome him to their humble land. Unfortunately Pizarro then had the need to be greedy and take their gold and obstinate war against them. Due to him kidnapping their emperor, the Incas gave him gold so they could try to get their leader back. Sadly, although Pizarro got his gold, he cool it killed Atahuallpa. This signalled the Incas that it was war between the two cultures. The Incas readily prepared themselves and outnumbered the Spanish greatly w hen it got to the war so they were not worried at all. Those who didnt fight fled and hid high in the mountains. However, the Incas were conquered extremely easily by the Spanish. But how on earth did such a large army get defeated by another that was only a fraction of its coat? It was simple a lot of the Incan army died from diseases such as smallpox and the flu that the Spanish carried with them when they came to the Andean Area which spread across the area infecting many. This reduced the size of the Incan army greatly and gave more advantage to the Spanish. The conquistadors were also able to persuade other tribes al go down under the Incan rule to be on their side and help bring down the Incan Empire. Last of all, the weapons the Spanish used were much more advanced than the Incan weapons and were never seen by the Incans themselves before. As the Spaniards weapons were clearly more advanced, they were also more powerful than the Incas simple arms and resulted in the Spaniard s easy conquer against the Incan Empire.5. The experience of colonisation for the Incas was in some ways, similar to the indigenous people of Australia, the Aboriginals. The Europeans who colonised the Aboriginals also gave them smallpox and other diseases like the Spanish, which they could not withstand, causing many of the natives to die due to their weak tolerant systems. What the two cultures also had in common besides that was the fact that they fought back against the non-indigenous peoples who tried to take control of them and their land and didnt give up easily. However, the Incas were defeated more easily by the Spanish than the Aboriginals were by the Europeans even though both put up a fight instead of just giving up their land straight away. The Spanish had canons, which were much more advanced than what the Incas had. The Europeans had guns and the Aboriginals had spears, which were also quite weak when the Aboriginals weapons were compared to the Europeans. The Spanis h, as previously stated, did not interact with the Andean dwellers, whereas the Europeans made bonds with some of the Aboriginals. Some Europeans even had intimate relationships with the Aboriginals they encountered whilst the Spaniards, in contrast, did not do anything like that with the Incas.Consequences of Colonisation and Comparison to Aboriginal experience1. The Incas, although highly prepared and ready for combat, were easily defeated by the Spanish due to numerous reasons. The demolition of the Incan Empire caused the population to decrease greatly. As the Incas were colonised by the Spaniards, they were taught Christianity although they were still able to follow their old one along with Christianity. The Incas were taught that all men are equal before God and that slaughter was wrong and brutal. Conversely, the Incan morality involved them to sacrifice humans and offer them to Incan Gods. They were also introduced to many other new things such as the wheel, horses to haul heavy loads and sheep and kine which were used for food and clothing.Although colonisation for the Incas had its benefits, it had to have its disadvantages as well. Unfortunately, the majority of the Incas at that time died from slavery, famine, sentence of death and disease. The labour the Incas had to go through was so preserve that some poor citizens died from it. Due to the Spanish rule over the Andean Area, they stole and ate most of the food that the Incas had stored and grown in the past, resulting in a lack of food for the Incas. That then led to many other Incas deaths as the amount of food left was not enough to go around. Other Andean dwellers were killed because they were involved in the rebellions against the Spanish. Some, who were lucky, escaped the grasps of the Spanish and managed to build a new life in other villages.2. For the Spanish, this colonisation was quite rewarding for them at the start, although it led to the death of the Incan civilisation. There were two major things they gained from the conquest over the Incas. One of which was the land that they had taken. Land, at the time of the Spanish colonising the Incas, was very important. Basically, it was the more land that you owned, the more power you had. Another major thing was gold. After conquering the Incas, the Spanish got their wealth that they wanted so badly. Gold was important to the Spanish as they were able to buy goods with it from other countries as well as them just owning it for their own selfish greediness.The Spaniards along with Francisco Pizarro himself successfully colonised the Incan Empire of the Andean Area for a short period of time. However, approximately 8 years after they assassinated Atahuallpa, Pizarro was assassinated at the age of 70. He was stabbed in the back by a group of men leaving the Spaniards with no leader. After a while, a man named Diego de Almagro took over, and was the man who secretly planned and carried out the mutilate of Francisco Pi zarro. He had personally despised Pizarro as he was more triumphant than he was which influenced his evil scheme. However in 1808, the South American countries formed a revolt against the Spanish which lasted 16 years. Eventually, the Spanish were defeated, and this stop their rule over the Andean Area.3. The results of colonisation for the indigenous people of Australia compared to the Incas, the indigenous people of the Andean Area, had vary results. Roughly 90% of each of the indigenous tribes was wiped out due to the non-indigenous colonisers for almost the same reasons. The Incas were fortunate to at least have some benefits from the colonisation of their land whereas the Aboriginals had fewer advantages. Some of the Incan traditions still remained whereas the Europeans tried to change the Aboriginal traditions. The Europeans supplied food that the Aborigines didnt usually eat like meat which made them reliant of the foreigners to publish their food, changing their daily die ts. The Europeans struggled to put up a fight with the Aboriginals, and eventually won with a result of the land being colonised by them until this very day as well as them having a place to put their convicts for that time. On the other hand, the Spanish lost their power of colonisation of the Andean Area due to the other bordering South American countries rebelling against their rule over the Incas. The Peruvians to this day, still acknowledge and treat the descendants from the Incas well, whilst some of the people of Australia, didnt treat the Aboriginals like they should have, which ended up with a Sorry Day to the Aboriginals. As a result of colonisation, both Australia and Peru were greatly impacted by their colonisers, the Europeans and the Spanish.

Race and Ethnicity in South Africa

Race and Ethnicity in southeasterly AfricaThe apartheid goernment believed that federation Africa should be represented predominantly by the beliefs and cultures of the white race group, diminishing the others. Tutus speech directly challenges this by saying that the southeast African nation is a rainbow nation, with its theme identity element involving the different cultures, religions and beliefs of any and either group. This goes against the apartheid belief of a white supremacist state, saying that South Africa is a home to a diverse population, all of which function equal rights.It clearly states that, as a rainbow nation, South Africa embraces diversity in any form, whether it is racial, heathen, religious or ethnic. This essence that anyone can be anything they desire and noneffervescent be considered an equal citizen with equal rights. At the like time, however, it says that the countries lot will rally together against any opposition, united by the common understa nding that we are all South Africans. This one common plateau is what makes South Africa a unified nation, while at the same time celebrating its diversity in its people.No, he says the something completely different. He clearly says that different cultural groups must(prenominal)(prenominal) exist, but that there must be a common and mutual tolerance and reward for each group. This differences in society need to remain, and a mans views must stay intact, but people need to understand that we all fall under the form of address of South African, and it is this that will unite us and make us a peaceful and tolerant nation. If this understanding can be spread, according to Sparks, this is what will liven up our depicted object identity.Rainbow nation is the concept that South Africa accepts all races and beliefs, viewing them as equal under a legal constitution, thus making South Africa a nation of many colours, with the identity of a diverse area, i.e. a rainbow nation.Mosaic s ociety is a metaphor that compares the field identity of South Africa with a mosaic, a piece of art (usually a picture) made up of many differently shaped and coloured pieces of slate, slotted together. In the same way, each different culture, belief, religion, ethnicity, etc. must be accepted as part of society, but be disassemble from other groups ( homogeneous the slate pieces).Melting pot refers to the opposite of what is considered to be the national identity. It suggests that like a pot in which ingredients are melted together into one entity, so is the South African society brining in its diverse people to be melted together to become the same, with the same beliefs and understandings.According to come C, the hope was that a new South Africa would experience nigh racial integration and the delectation of wealth by all, as interpretn by looking at the image provided by the advertisement. This is clearly a false representation of reality, as today it is thoroughly known that those who were oppressed by apartheid (mainly black people, but in any case Indians and coloured people) found it hard to recover in terms of education and finance by and by apartheid ended, resulting in the persisting divides we see in this country today, in which the vast majority of wealthy people are white and therefore live separate from the economically underprivileged. This proves that the idea of a national identity provided by the source is completely artificial. Source D also explains to us an important fact that the divides created by apartheid, across religion, race, ethnicity and gender, meant that people experienced very different ways of living during the apartheid era. These differences and divided experiences are not something that can be broken down over years, let alone over night, resulting in what has previously been explained as different groups preferring to exist in their own comfort zones of society, making the notion of a national identity almost ab surd. Finally, Source E shows us that the concept of a national identity is one that belongs to the starry-eyed idealists, i.e. not something that could happen in reality. It also provides another take on this, by suggesting that South Africa was never really a unified country, but rather the product of hundreds of years of colonialism, meaning that beca social function this write down was influenced so drastically by the out-of-door imperial powers, that the groups and social divides created by this influence resulted in the present idea of a unified and nationalistic South Africa being non-existent.A national symbol needs to be at least one of the following three things. Firstly, it must be created from the hearts of the people, from something that they feel strongly about and can therefore rally behind. Secondly, it needs to be created with regard to the experiences and suffering of those it will represent, as people who need to back this symbol must feel that it stands for everything they have gone through in order to make it possible to have such a symbol. Lastly, it must be something that people identify with, something easily recognisable and universally accepted so as to appeal to a diverse population.I would support the third approach, which says that a national symbol should be something that every person can identify with fully, as this encompasses the other two approaches. In order for someone to identify with a representational symbol, they must accept it into their hearts, as it needs to be something that they feel close to and that reaches them on a emotional and personal level, while still standing for their policy-making persuasion. As well as this, it needs to be something that represents the experiences and suffering that one has been through in order to insure the creation of the symbol itself. This means that it must reach them on an external, physical level, as well as a personal one. Therefore, we understand that in order for some thing to be identifiable to a person, it needs to encompass all the three approaches mentioned above, which are brought together by the third approach.The fact that Thabo Mbeki implies that every group in our culturally diverse country stems from the same source and should therefore have the same belief and understanding of a national identity that represents every South African. This is most definitely not the case, and thence completely idealistic. To claim that every black man and women has the same interpretation of what it means to be South Africa as the average white South African is absurd, as the formative experiences of these different groups during both the apartheid and post-apartheid eras are, the vast majority of the time, completely different. This idealistic and hyperbolic tone of the speech also emphasises its forced nature. It almost seems as if he is trying to convince both himself and others of his preferred reality rather than affirm what the true reality.This s peech was made during the creation of the South African Constitution, wide considered to be the best in the world on an idealistic level, while being difficult to uphold in practise. This means that the speech fits with the constitution in terms of the belief that all South Africans feel united by the common nationhood, but also falls in line with the constitution in terms of being unrealistic. In other words, the context of the speech emphasises the idealistic nature of the content.It reveals that heritage is constructed from the history. While history is the historical fact of what happened and how it happened, heritage is not as straight. It is built on the basis of history, but on a more subjective and interpretive level. An example is given by the speech, by how Thabo Mbeki chose to use certain historical facts as a foundation for his construction of a so-called common South African heritage, also implying that heritage can be about choice, what you want to be and how you want it to be. Therefore, while history is about the compilation of factual events, heritage is about the creation of what we feel represents us from our past.Source K suggests that the problem with the use of the term African as a form of national identity is that nobody seems to know what they it truly stands for, whether its blacks, people born(p) in Africa or those committed to the African continent. This is a well identified problem, as it is not possible to use a term to unify a country when one cannot clearly define those who the term represents. It is not possible to allow anyone to create a definition, neither a person nor a government, as this may conflict with the definition of another person or group and it will be impossible to compromise. It therefore stands to reason that Source L should bring up the argument that those who choose to bestow Africanness on others are out of place and should first try to come to terms with what it means before labelling it as an honorary ti tle and using it to create a national identity. It also brings up the fact that the continual use of the term as a means of national identification will only lead to further confusion of those who dont understand its significance (if any).If we look at the holidays celebrated during the apartheid year of 1986, we clearly see that they are predominantly white/Afrikaner, Christian holidays. There is nothing that celebrates any kind of equality or democracy, nothing to commemorate the anti-apartheid agitate. However, when we look at post-apartheid 1996, we direct see the change. There are now days that celebrate human rights, exemption, workers, women, heritage, etc. and days such as 16 June that think up those who died to bring about the end of apartheid. Therefore, the types of holidays celebrated changed drastically over the decades, between 1986 and 1996.The change in holidays shown between 1986 and 1996 also shows us the change in national identity in South Africa. The identity starts in 1986 being clearly white, Christian, Afrikaner, promoting only the beliefs that one would expect from such a person. This shows the narrow-mindedness of the apartheid identity, which neglects the cultures and rights of other racial, religious and cultural groups. because in 1996, it changes to incorporate the celebration in womens rights, freedom, human rights, workers rights, etc. therefore showing us a more diverse cultural, religious and political identity that fits closer with the post-apartheid South Africa.The day that most resembles independence day from 1986 is Republic Day, as this celebrate the day South Africa became a republic and hence a independent country, and from 1996 is Freedom Day, a celebration of South Africas first non-racial elections and thus of a new kind of liberation and independence emerging, as well as a new South African identity. Therefore, we can say that the most important thing, the one aspect that has been preserved over the decade, is the feeling of independence from external forces, whether it is your own government or that of another country.The eight episodes referenced refer to pivotal areas of South Africas history. They are all conflicts which shaped the nature of the early South Africa and as such need to be given a place in the celebrating of a freedom that is supposed to be at the core of groundbreaking South Africa. Their commonality is illustrated by the fact that each one of these events is characterised by violence stemming from injustice of one sort or another, be it racially supercharged as in Genocide and slavery or politically and nationalistically motivated as in the Anglo-Boer and world Wars. In each of these there is the fight for freedom from some threatened or real form of repression. They differ in the nature of their fights- some are internal fights for freedom dividing people within borders- Slavery, Wars of resistance, The struggle for liberation and some are external, usually uniting different people within the country against a common enemy as in the military man Wars. Together they represent an opportunity to pull people together by inspiring a common sense of pride and identity by emphasising that the country as a whole has defeated so many forms of brutality and repression to ultimately gain its freedom and as such the freedom of each and every one of its citizens across all ethnic barriers.The Freedom park was created for one specific purpose, as stated in the source to help South Africans reconnect with the at sea pot likker that died in war, who fell for South Africa, in the way that their culture dictates, i.e. a ground for the mutual respect of the dead by all South Africans, regardless of cultural belief. Therefore, according to the logic provided by the source, it stands to reason that such a place would be perceived to play an important part in the restoration and rejuvenation of the indigenous, South African cultures that were diminished by the apartheid area, not to mention helping to rebuild the bridges between culture burnt away during the long years of apartheid separation.The 2 sources discuss the purpose of Freedom Park, that is the need to create a place of remembrance which will allow people to remember the fallen, those that have shaped the country, and therefore inspire a deeper feeling of commitment to building it in the future. In doing this they show how invaluable it is to delve into the complex cultural belief systems of different groups within the country. If one honours these appropriately e.g. by fastidiously allowing the visiting of the places of death and carrying out relevant rituals and therefore ensuring the return of the spirits of dead combatants, the experience of the living is resolved and completed and their ability to have a positive outlook on a South African future restored. It is therefore vital that one have a deep understanding and sensitivity towards each different groups particular under standing and rituals surrounding death and remembrance, as if you validate and honour these individually you allow each group dignity and this will in turn foster respect of each other and a common wish to build a country where the future can be shared by all.

Review of Stearns’ Fat History: Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West :: essays research papers

Wow, I mean, your sister, shes so round out that when she wears a yellow raincoat, people sh come forth out, Taxi Your brother, gosh, hes so fecund that his number one woods license says, Picture continued on the other side About your mother, well, shes so fat that when she walks in front of the television, you miss out on three commercials Im tellin ya fattyThose humorous one-liners atomic number 18 entirely a few of the many out there. In the United States today, we are obviously obsessed with weight, but how did this cultural madness with heaviness start? When and why, even? Are we the unless ones? Peter N. Stearns is a Carnegie Mellon history professor and dean, and in his book Fat History Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West, he explores and compares the weight-consciousness over the past century in both the United States (arguably the most rotund Western country today) and France (arguably the slimmest) he also attempts at explaining why such contrariety exists between these two countries, despite both being heavily irrational with body and beauty. It is Stearns stance that this modern struggle against fat is actually very deeply rooted within our American culture, and dieting and rampant hostility toward the pear-shaped continue to become one of the underlying themes in our society today. He also notes the differences in postures toward the obese in both countries. He does not very believe that the French approach to obesity could so readily be adopted in the United States, but possibly recognizing a different attitude may help to later reshape the views and opinions that see been formed this past century in our society.With respect to the United States, Stearns reveals that before the 1890s plumpness was reasoning(a) and in fact preferred over vice full-figures like Elizabeth Cady Stantons were linked to successful motherhood and were indeed quite fashionable. In the decade just before 1900, however, as we became more sedentary, fashion ch anged, and habilitate sizes became standardized, greater attention was drawn toward the more oddly shaped bodies, possibly creating a new semipublic concern for body weight, especially for women. Fat-controlling devices like minify corsets, dieting gimmicks such as Kissiengen water, and other advertisements for products to help against weight also began to spread during this time period. righteousness even came into play, as obese individuals were seen to not only be lazy and weak but also on their way toward what one may invite fat hell.Review of Stearns Fat History Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West essays research papersWow, I mean, your sister, shes so fat that when she wears a yellow raincoat, people shout out, Taxi Your brother, gosh, hes so fat that his drivers license says, Picture continued on the other side About your mother, well, shes so fat that when she walks in front of the television, you miss out on three commercials Im tellin ya FatThose humorous one-line rs are just a few of the many out there. In the United States today, we are obviously obsessed with weight, but how did this cultural craze with heaviness start? When and why, even? Are we the only ones? Peter N. Stearns is a Carnegie Mellon history professor and dean, and in his book Fat History Bodies and Beauty in the Modern West, he explores and compares the weight-consciousness over the past century in both the United States (arguably the most obese Western country today) and France (arguably the slimmest) he also attempts at explaining why such contrariety exists between these two countries, despite both being heavily infatuated with body and beauty. It is Stearns stance that this modern struggle against fat is actually very deeply rooted within our American culture, and dieting and rampant hostility toward the obese continue to become one of the underlying themes in our society today. He also notes the differences in attitudes toward the obese in both countries. He does not r eally believe that the French approach to obesity could so readily be adopted in the United States, but possibly recognizing a different attitude may help to later reshape the views and opinions that have been formed this past century in our society.With respect to the United States, Stearns reveals that before the 1890s plumpness was healthy and in fact preferred over frailness full-figures like Elizabeth Cady Stantons were linked to successful motherhood and were indeed quite fashionable. In the decade just before 1900, however, as we became more sedentary, fashion changed, and dress sizes became standardized, greater attention was drawn toward the more oddly shaped bodies, possibly creating a new public concern for body weight, especially for women. Fat-controlling devices like reducing corsets, dieting gimmicks such as Kissiengen water, and other advertisements for products to help against weight also began to spread during this time period. Morality even came into play, as obes e individuals were seen to not only be lazy and weak but also on their way toward what one may call fat hell.

Factors Affecting Euthanasia :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Factors Affecting Euthanasia In the September 4 issue of the British. medical journal The Lancet, Canadian researchers report on how dying patients will to pass away is likely to show substantial fluctuation due to changes in both physical and mental portions. Dr. Harvey Chochinov of the University of Manitoba and his colleagues assessed the will to live twice daily in 168 mentally competent cancer patients admitted to palliative care, and correlated this with a variety of other factors. The patients ranged in age from 31 to 89 years old they survived an average of 18 days, though one woman lived more than 150 days. The factors with the most impact on the will to live were depression, anxiety, shortness of breath, and sense of well-being. Which factor was most key varied with the stage of illness. During the earlier course of a patients illness, anxiety was the dominant factor depression became more important later, and shortness of breath was the chief factor suppressing a will to live when death became imminent. The study confirmed that, at least during much of a terminal illnesss course, psychological factors weigh more severely in a desire for death than factors such as physical pain. Numerous US studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted suicide -- those who are frail, senile and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are * A crown conducted for the Washington Post on March 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters elder 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majority opposition was also found among those with incomes under $15,000 (54%), and black Americans (70%). * An August 1993 Roper poll funded by the Hemlock Society and other euthanasia supporters indicated that voters aged 18-29 supported physician-aided suicide 47% to 35% voters aged 60 and older opposed it 45% to 35%. Hemlocks newsletter commented that the younger the person, the more likely he or she is to favor this legislation. The newsletter added that this is somewhat at odds with how Hemlock views its membership, since it sees itself as defending the interests of elderly citizens. (Humphry Poll 9) A study of cancer patients found that terminally ill patients experiencing significant pain are more opposed to physician-assisted suicide than other terminally ill patients or the general public.